2017高考英语一轮复习：英语语法之数词与连词

　数词与连词
　　数词一般与其它知识综合起来考察，比如倍数的表达方法，多个形容词的排列顺序等。近几年语境综合化程度越来越高。
　　连词按其性质,分为并列连词和从属连词,考点分布在单项选择?完形填空和短文改错中?《英语教学大纲》和《考试大纲》语法项目表中对连词的考查是这样描述的:掌握词汇表中所列连词的用法?即要求考生分析句子成分,把握语境和逻辑关系,恰当选择合适连词,使句意通顺,逻辑清楚?连接代词或连接副词用于名词性从句,统称连接词?
　　连词考点透析
　　考点一、?特殊并列连词while/when
　　例1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _______ I heard the steps. (2006年高考湖南卷)
　　A. while
　　B. when
　　C. since
　　D. after
　　例2.I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. (2007年高考四川卷)
　　A. thoughB. as
　　C. while
　　D. for
　　[解析]B?C?作并列连词时,when/while用法较为特殊,二者区别是:while表两相对照;而when表突然?在那时,常见于be about to do...when和hardly...when等句型中?
　　考点二、表示原因的连词for/because/as/since
　　例3.He found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(2006年高考北京卷)
　　A. and
　　B. for
　　C. but
　　D. or
　　例4.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _____ _ this was a memory she especially treasured. (2006年高考广东卷)
　　A. as
　　B. if
　　C. when
　　D. where
　　例5.Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(2004年高考上海卷)
　　A. because B. though
　　C. unless
　　D. if
　　例6._____ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
　　A. For
　　B. Even
　　C. Since
　　D. However
　　[解析]B?A?A?C?引导原因连词,as/because/ since/ for的区别是:because语势最强,用来说明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的问题,可置于强调句中且其前可加修饰语; since是双方都知晓原因或经过分析而得之的原因,语气次之;for是并列连词,前用逗号隔开, 表逻辑推理或补充说明;as语气最弱,原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,即已知原因,所引导的分句可置于句首?
　　考点三、并列连词but/yet/though
　　例7. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.
　　A. so
　　B. and
　　C. but
　　D. yet
　　[解析]C?but和yet 是连词,可等同使用,但也有区别?yet与and连用,构成and yet,但but却无此用法;在“Excuse me/I’m sorry/I hope you don’t mind…but”中,只用but,不用yet?因为在表示对照或对立时,but较为轻松自然;而yet却较为强烈,常出人意料;though作并列连词时,只能引导分句且其前须加逗号?例:I’ll try to come, though I don’t think I shall manage it.
　　考点四、引导名词性从句的从属连词that/whether/if
　　例8.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007 年高考上海卷)
　　A. when
　　B. why
　　C. whether
　　D. that
　　例9.We haven’t settled the question of _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. ( 2006年高考江苏卷)
　　A. if
　　B. where
　　C. whetherD. that
　　[解析]D?C?引导名词性从句的从属连词that与whether的区别是:句子成分完整且表意确定时选用that连接,句意不确定时选用whether/if连接;借助it,将真正主语或宾语后置,构成“It…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:与or not 连用,中间无其他词隔开;作介词宾语;在主语从句?表语从句和同位语从句中?例:
　　Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
　　考点五、表示比较的从属连词what/as
　　例10. Engines are to machines __ ____ hearts are to animals. (2006年高考山东卷)
　　A. as
　　B. that
　　C. what
　　D. which
　　例11._____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(2005年高考浙江卷)
　　A. WhenB. After
　　C. As
　　D. Since
　　例12.What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ________ it is long.(2005年高考湖北卷)
　　A. half not as wide as
　　B. wide not as half as
　　C. not half as wide as
　　D. as wide as not half
　　[解析]C?C?C?what用作从属连词,表比较,用于A is to B what C is to D结构中;而as表示原级比较,常用于as...as结构中,程度修饰语应置于第一个as之前,嵌入的形容词或副词使用原级?另外as还表“正如?按照”,引导方式连词?
　　考点六、表示条件的从属连词if /unless/as long as/once
　　例13. ________ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
　　A. Even thoughB. UnlessC. As long asD. While
　　例14.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully.(2007年高考上海卷)
　　A. though
　　B. before
　　C. until
　　D. if
　　例15.You will be successful in the interview ____ you have confidence. (2007年高考福建卷)
　　A. before
　　B. once
　　C. until
　　D. though
　　例16.I won’t call you, _____ something unexpected happens.(2007年考全国卷)
　　A. unlessB. whether C. becauseD. while
　　[解析]C?D?B?A?表条件的连词if/unless/as long as/unless在用法上存在一些差异?as long as用法同only if/on condition that,强调某事的发生以另一事件的发生为前提;if为正面条件,可能会产生好的或坏的结果,若 某种条件产生坏的结果,此时的if可用as long as替换; unless为反面条件,表示除非,如果不,故在真实条件句中常和if…not换用;once既表时间,又包含条件,译作一旦?
　　考点七、表示让步的从属连词although/when/while
　　例17. We had to wait half an hour _______ we had already booked a table. (2007年高考辽宁卷)
　　A. sinceB. although
　　C. until
　　D. before
　　例18.______I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007年高考山东卷)
　　A. As
　　B. Since
　　C. If
　　D. While
　　【解析】B?D?although/when/while均可表示让步,后两者的用法较为特殊?although/though引导让步连词时不与but和y et连用;而while却表示“部分接受,但并非全部”,或用于“强调两种情况?活动等之间的差距”;when也可表示虽然,尽管,同even if,常置于句末?

未完待续。。。。。。